Obstipação induzida pelos opióides em doentes oncológicos adultos

Autores

  • Daniela Dias Fundação Champalimaud, Lisboa
  • Juliana Santos IPO Porto, Porto
  • Carina Raposo Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto
  • Luís Batalha Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra
  • Ana Leonor Ribeiro Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Porto
  • Ana Cristina Ferreira IPO Coimbra, Coimbra

Palavras-chave:

Obstipação, opióides, eliminação intestinal, dor, cancro

Resumo

Os opióides são o gold-standard para o tratamento da dor oncológica, mas alguns dos seus efeitos adversos podem comprometer o seu potencial terapêutico, como é o caso da obstipação. Esta alteração do padrão de eliminação caracteriza-se por uma redução dos movimentos intestinais, aumento do esforço nos movimentos intestinais, sensação de evacuação retal incompleta ou consistência dura das fezes.

A sua prevenção e tratamento requerem uma rigorosa avaliação dos doentes em risco e um completo entendimento da sua etiologia. Esta avaliação carece de uma colheita de dados sobre a história clínica do doente, com foco no nível de atividade física, hábitos alimentares, capacidade de mastigação e deglutição, problemas médicos subjacentes e mudanças nos hábitos intestinais e características das fezes. Requer igualmente um exame físico da cavidade oral, região abdominal e anorretal.

Perante um quadro de obstipação induzida pelos opióides (OIO), são implementadas medidas de âmbito farmacológico (com efeito laxante, e/ou inibidores dos recetores opióides intestinais, sem perda de eficácia analgésica, e rotação de opióides) e não farmacológico, como medidas de higiene alimentar, educação intestinal e massagem abdominal.

Neste artigo pretende-se fazer um enquadramento teórico sobre a OIO e apresentar medidas de prevenção e tratamento que visem a melhoria dos cuidados prestados e consequentemente melhorem a qualidade de vida de quem cuidamos.

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Publicado

11-12-2017

Como Citar

1.
Dias D, Santos J, Raposo C, Batalha L, Leonor Ribeiro A, Cristina Ferreira A. Obstipação induzida pelos opióides em doentes oncológicos adultos. journal [Internet]. 11 de Dezembro de 2017 [citado 25 de Abril de 2024];(35):32-40. Disponível em: https://onco.news/index.php/journal/article/view/86

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