Obstipação induzida pelos opióides em doentes oncológicos adultos
Palavras-chave:
Obstipação, opióides, eliminação intestinal, dor, cancroResumo
Os opióides são o gold-standard para o tratamento da dor oncológica, mas alguns dos seus efeitos adversos podem comprometer o seu potencial terapêutico, como é o caso da obstipação. Esta alteração do padrão de eliminação caracteriza-se por uma redução dos movimentos intestinais, aumento do esforço nos movimentos intestinais, sensação de evacuação retal incompleta ou consistência dura das fezes.
A sua prevenção e tratamento requerem uma rigorosa avaliação dos doentes em risco e um completo entendimento da sua etiologia. Esta avaliação carece de uma colheita de dados sobre a história clínica do doente, com foco no nível de atividade física, hábitos alimentares, capacidade de mastigação e deglutição, problemas médicos subjacentes e mudanças nos hábitos intestinais e características das fezes. Requer igualmente um exame físico da cavidade oral, região abdominal e anorretal.
Perante um quadro de obstipação induzida pelos opióides (OIO), são implementadas medidas de âmbito farmacológico (com efeito laxante, e/ou inibidores dos recetores opióides intestinais, sem perda de eficácia analgésica, e rotação de opióides) e não farmacológico, como medidas de higiene alimentar, educação intestinal e massagem abdominal.
Neste artigo pretende-se fazer um enquadramento teórico sobre a OIO e apresentar medidas de prevenção e tratamento que visem a melhoria dos cuidados prestados e consequentemente melhorem a qualidade de vida de quem cuidamos.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2017 Daniela Dias, Juliana Santos, Carina Raposo, Luís Batalha, Ana Leonor Ribeiro, Ana Cristina Ferreira
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0.